Distributed implementation of Grafcets through IEC 61499

Comunicación presentada en 25th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), 2020A Grafcet is a standardized model for describing the behavior of systems which is popular among automation engineers. As the Grafcet standard excludes implementation details, the models are typically translated to automation software. Such software was traditionally programmed in one of the languages specified in IEC 61131-3. Nowadays, automation software is increasingly modelled in IEC 61499 which facilitates designing distributed control systems. In this paper, we define a standardized translation methodology, so that automation engineers can benefit from the advantages of IEC 61499 while continuing to use Grafcet. We discuss the differences between Grafcet and IEC 61499. We translated a Grafcet model into an IEC 61499 application to illustrate the process and derive guidelines for application designers. For the core concepts of Grafcet, we present the corresponding structure in IEC 61499

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Waveguide Sensor Detecting Fluid Flow Velocity by Mimicking the Fish Lateral Line Organ

Accurate measurement of fluid flow velocities is challenging but essential in many disciplines. Inspiration of possible measurement methods can come from nature, for example from the lateral line organ of fish, which is comprised of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous cupula. When the cupula is deflected by water movement, the hair cells initiate neural signals that generate an accurate image of the fish’s surroundings. We built a flow sensor mimicking a hair cell, yet coupled it with an optical detection method. Fluid flow bends the waveguide; this leads to a measurable light loss that depends linearly on the waveguide deflection

A Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Waveguide Sensor that Mimics a Neuromast to Measure Fluid Flow Velocity

Accurate flow measurement is a ubiquitous task in fields such as industry, medical technology, or chemistry; it remains however challenging due to small measurement ranges or erosive flows. Inspiration for possible measurement methods can come from nature, for example from the lateral line organ of fish, which is comprised of hair cells embedded in a gelatinous cupula. When the cupula is deflected by water movement, the hair cells generate neural signals from which the fish gains an accurate representation of its environment. We built a flow sensor mimicking a hair cell, but coupled it with an optical detection method. Light is coupled into a PDMS waveguide that consists of a core and a cladding with a low refractive index contrast to ensure high bending sensitivity. Fluid flow bends the waveguide; this leads to a measurable light loss. The design of our sensory system allows flow measurement in opaque and corrosive fluids while keeping production costs low. To prove the measurement concept, we evaluated the light loss while (a) reproducibly bending the fiber with masses, and (b) exposing the fiber to air flow. The results demonstrate the applicability of an optical fiber as a flow sensor.(VLID)344809

Integration of Factory IO and 4DIAC-FORTE for the Validation of Control Software in the IEC 61499 Standard

[Resumen] En este trabajo se presenta la integración de 4diac-FORTE y Factory IO mediante OPC-UA. Dicha integración permite verificar software de control desarrollado según la norma IEC 61499 y de esta forma validar de metodologías para el desarrollo de dicho software. Se presenta un ejemplo sencillo que ilustra detalles importantes a tener en cuenta en la configuración adecuada del servidor OPCUA que permite esta integración.[Abstract] In this paper, the integration of 4diac-FORTE and Factory IO through OPC-UA is presented. This integration allows verifying control software developed according to the IEC 61499 standard and opens the possibility of validating methodologies for the development of control applications under that standard. A simple example is presented that allows illustrating important details to take into account in the proper configuration of the OPC-UA server that allows this integration.Universitat Jaume I; UJI-B2021-45https://doi.org/10.17979/spudc.978849749841